Prediction of Sudden Death Due to COVID-19 Using Machine Learning Models

The early classification of COVID-19 patients severity can help save lives by giving to doctors valuable instructions and guidelines for the cases that may need more attention to survive. This paper aims to classify cases depending on their severity into three classes: "survivor”, "sudden death” and "death” using electronic health records (HER). The first class represents positive cases discharged from the hospital after being treated for COVID-19. While the second and the third classes are describing the level of cases severity based on the interval of death. We called the highest severity class "sudden death” to identify critical cases with a high risk of death in the first two days of admission, while the "death” class includes severe cases with an interval of death beyond two days. The sudden death class represents the biggest challenge for this classification as the number of samples representing this case is very small. This paper presents a triage system for COVID-19 cases using four machine learning algorithms (KNN, Logistic Regression, SVM, and Decision tree). The best classification results were obtained using Logistic Regression and SVM models. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Integrative management of critical case of Covid 19 with Ayurveda and modern medicine: A case report.

Covid 19 pandemic has placed challenges in front of medical health fraternity in terms of management, prevention and immunity building. Effectiveness of any medication has not conclusively proven; hence there is need for integrative management of Covid 19. We have managed a critical case of Covid-19 having history of thalassemia, hypothyroidism with integrative management of Ayurveda and modern medicine. A male patient (59 years of age) with history of thalassemia had complaints of cough and breathlessness since 4 days. He performed RT PCR because of his exposure to a Covid positive cases in immediate family. He was treated with Favipiravir at home for 5 days. He deteriorated on 6th day with SPO2 dropped to 75%, temp raised to 101 F and respiratory rate (RR) raised to 45/min. He was admitted in Yogeshwari Hospital Daund, Maharashtra; treated with oxygen inhalation, Remdesvir and Ayurveda medicines in intensive care unit (ICU). Ayurveda treatment protocol was advised through telemedicine. Significant improvement in clinical symptoms and normal HRCT was observed at completion of treatment. This case report provides further directions for integrative management in cases of Covid 19. Further clinical research studies in this direction are warranted.

Radiographic Image Processing Analysis for Lung Infection - A Review

This paper presents a brief review on the developments of computer aided diagnosis system using image processing approaches. The rapid increase in lung infections which was in multiple during the current Corona virus infection has outcome with the need of automation system for an early detection of lung infection. Early detection of lung infection can avoid the spread of infection further and also act as an alarming intimation under critical cases. The need of such system has outcome with many researches in recent past towards developing new approaches toward improving the decision accuracy to reducing the system response time. This article review the past developments made in the area of developing automation systems with an analysis of attainted accuracy and methodology of image processing and classification system for automated lung infection detection. © 2022 IEEE.

Projecting the Short-Term Trend of COVID-19 in Iraq

The novel coronavirus that causes the now well-known COVID-19 illness has affected the whole world as the number of daily reported cases has exceeded 250,000. The spread trend of the virus across the globe has varied from one country to another, mainly because of each government's response. In this article, we discuss the statistics of the cases in Iraq and provide a projection model based on the current situation and government interventions. Using daily reported cases data from February 24, 2020 - July 31, 2020, we report 6-week-ahead projections of daily cases, critical cases, and deaths. Specifically, we propose a simple machine learning-based model based on Gaussian Process regression to project the future trend of COVID-19 in Iraq. This work aims to aid the Iraqi government by providing a statistical tool to provide future estimates of the suspected and death cases resulting from COVID-19 and make strategic decisions. © 2020 ACM.

On Comparative Classification of Relevant Covid-19 Tweets

Due to the impressive information dissemination power of social networks such as Twitter, people tend to check social networks and Web pages more than other traditional news sources, including newspapers, TV news programs, or radio channels. In that sense, the information carried by the content of the shared social media posts becomes much more considerable. However, most of the posts are commonly either irrelevant or inaccurate. Besides, the more critical case than the correctness of the information is the diffusion speed on Twitter through the reply or retweet actions. These activities make the initial situation even more complicated than itself due to the unregulated nature of the social networks and the lack of an immediate verification mechanism for the correctness of the posts. When we consider the current Covid-19 pandemic period (causing the coronavirus disease), one of the most utilized information resources is Twitter except the official health administration institutions. Thereupon, examining the correctness of the information related to the Covid-19 pandemic by computational techniques (e.g., Data Mining, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning) has been gaining popularity and remains a substantial task. Hence, we mainly focused on analyzing the correctness of the posts related to the current pandemic shared on the Twitter platform. Therefore, the overall goal of this work is to classify the relevant tweets using linear and non-linear machine learning models. We achieved the best F1 performance score (99%) with the neural network model using the unigram features & threshold value of 50 among all model configurations. © 2021 IEEE

A Sever case of of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Gansu.

An outbreak infection with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has developed in Wuhan since December 2019.This paper describes the first critical case in Gansu China.

The Neutralizing Antibody Response against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and the Cytokine/Chemokine Release in Patients with Different Levels of Coronavirus Diseases 2019 Severity: Cytokine Storm Still Persists Despite Viral Disappearance in Critical Patients.

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibit a wide clinical spectrum ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to critical and fatal diseases, and older individuals are known to be more severely affected. The underlying mechanism of this phenomenon is unknown. A neutralizing antibody against viruses is known to be important to eliminate the virus. In addition, this antibody is induced at high levels in patients with severe COVID-19, followed by a termination of virus replication. Severe COVID-19 patients exhibit high levels of cytokines/chemokines, even after the disappearance of the virus. This indicates that cytokines/chemokines play significant roles in disease severity. These findings also suggest that antiviral therapy (monoclonal antibody and/or convalescent plasma therapy) should be administered early to eliminate the virus, followed by steroid treatment after viral genome disappearance, especially in patients with severe symptoms.

Symptomatic and optimal supportive care of critical COVID-19: A case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity is classified as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critical. Mild cases account for a large percentage of cases in the epidemic and typically exhibit a favorable prognosis. However, a 49%-67% mortality is noted in critical cases. No COVID-19-specific drug has been reported to date, and symptomatic and optimal supportive care, including oxygenation, anti-coinfection treatments, and ventilation, represent the mainstay of treatment for this disease, especially in critical patients. CASE SUMMARY: In the above-mentioned context, we share our experience with the treatment of one critical COVID-19 case and review the relevant literature. CONCLUSION: Timely tracheal intubation, reasonable mechanical ventilation support, appropriate anti-infection treatment, and early anticoagulation and immunity support are key factors in the successful treatment of this case.

Experience of treating severe cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Changde area / 中华危重病急救医学

Since the cluster of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia, a large number of patients gathered, the mortality of critical patients has remained high and the treatment was unclear. In this outbreak, Hunan Changde region immediately set up a hospital and intensive care unit. The patients relieved through respiratory support, hemodynamics management, nutritional support, the application of antiviral drugs, analgesic and sedation. The treatment experience in severe cases of 2019-nCov pneumonia patients were summarized as follows: in terms of respiratory support, we needed to pay attention to the advantages of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) and the intervention of mechanical ventilation, pay attention to the ventilator parameters, and adopt prone position timely. In the aspects of fluid resuscitation and volume management, we should pay attention to the characteristics of severe patients' volume status, perform early evaluation, and clinicians should focused on hemodynamic management beside the bed. In the aspect of nutritional support and evaluation and maintenance of intestinal function, early enteral nutrition should be adopted in time. However, the trade-off between the risk of intestinal function and nutritional support in patients with mechanical ventilation and the antiviral benefits of Kaletra needed to be reevaluated, the optimized way of analgesia and sedation was adopted, at the same time, the usage and side effects of antiviral drugs should be paid attention to. We should grasp the opportunity of transportation for severe patients. It is suggested that some warning scores should be used to facilitate early recognition of patients with severe infection and then they should be earlier transferred to the designated hospital for intensive care.